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2.3.2. Copper Cables
| Category | Max Speed | Max Distance | Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cat 5e | 1 Gbps | 100m | Legacy installations |
| Cat 6 | 10 Gbps (55m) | 100m (1G) | Standard enterprise |
| Cat 6a | 10 Gbps | 100m | 10G to desktop |
| Cat 7 | 10 Gbps | 100m | Shielded runs |
| Cat 8 | 25/40 Gbps | 30m | Data center top-of-rack |
Cable Types:
- Straight-through: Unlike devices (PC to switch, router to switch)
- Crossover: Like devices (switch to switch, router to router)—and also PC to router, because a PC NIC and a router port transmit on the same pairs
- Rollover (Console): PC serial port to router/switch console
⚠️ Exam Trap: Modern switches use Auto-MDIX, which automatically detects and adjusts for cable type. However, you still need to know the traditional cable requirements for exam questions.
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Written byAlvin Varughese
Founder•20 professional certifications