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6.3.1. Switching and Routing Problems
STP Issues:
- Broadcast storm: STP not working, loops present—network overwhelmed
- Root bridge selection: Wrong switch is root, traffic takes suboptimal paths
- Port in wrong state: Stuck blocking, not transitioning to forwarding
VLAN Issues:
- Wrong VLAN assignment: Device in wrong VLAN, can't reach intended resources
- Trunk misconfiguration: VLANs not allowed on trunk, or native VLAN mismatch
Routing Issues:
- Missing route: No path to destination in routing table
- Wrong next-hop: Packets sent to wrong router
- AD/metric issues: Suboptimal path selected
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Written byAlvin Varughese
Founder•18 professional certifications