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2.4.2. IP Protocol Types and Traffic Patterns
IP Protocol Types:
| Protocol | Function | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| ICMP | Error messages, diagnostics | ping, traceroute |
| TCP | Reliable, connection-oriented | Web, email, file transfer |
| UDP | Fast, connectionless | DNS queries, VoIP, streaming |
| GRE | Tunnel encapsulation | Site-to-site tunnels |
| IPSec | Encrypted tunnels | VPNs |
IPSec Components:
- AH (Authentication Header): Integrity and authentication, but no encryption
- ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload): Encryption + integrity + authentication
- IKE (Internet Key Exchange): Negotiates security parameters (phase 1 = authentication, phase 2 = encryption keys)
Traffic Types:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Unicast | One sender to one receiver | Web browsing, email |
| Broadcast | One sender to all devices on subnet | DHCP discover, ARP requests |
| Multicast | One sender to subscribed receivers | Video streaming, OSPF routing updates |
| Anycast | One sender to nearest of multiple receivers | DNS root servers, CDN nodes |
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Written byAlvin Varughese
Founder•18 professional certifications