5.2.1. High Frequency, Galvanic Current, and Microdermabrasion
💡 First Principle: Each electrical device works through a different mechanism and therefore has different therapeutic uses and different risks. Using a device for a purpose it isn't designed for — or on a client it's contraindicated for — produces harm rather than benefit.
High Frequency: Uses alternating electrical current through an argon or neon gas-filled glass electrode. The current produces mild heat and ozone.
- Effect: Antimicrobial (kills bacteria on skin surface), stimulates circulation, promotes healing
- Uses: Acne, oily skin, wound healing after extractions
- Modes: Direct (electrode applied directly to skin) — stimulating; Indirect (client holds electrode) — soothing
Galvanic Current: Uses direct (not alternating) electrical current. Two applications:
- Desincrustation — negative pole — softens sebum and prepares skin for deeper cleaning (used before extractions)
- Iontophoresis — positive or negative pole — drives water-soluble products deeper into the skin
Microdermabrasion: A mechanical exfoliation device that uses a pressurized stream of crystals (or a diamond-tip wand) to abrade and remove dead skin cells from the stratum corneum. Results in immediate smoothing; stimulates collagen over time.
- Uses: Hyperpigmentation, fine lines, dull skin, mild acne scarring
- Not appropriate for: Active acne, rosacea, sensitive skin, thin skin
Wood's Lamp: An ultraviolet lamp used for skin analysis (not treatment). Different skin conditions fluoresce different colors under UV light, aiding the esthetician's assessment. Not an electrical treatment device — a diagnostic tool.
⚠️ Exam Trap: Students often confuse galvanic current's two modes. Desincrustation uses the negative pole and is done before the facial (softens skin). Iontophoresis uses a pole matched to the product charge and is done during or after the facial (drives product in). The sequence matters.
Reflection Question: A client with severe cystic acne asks whether high-frequency treatment would help clear their acne. What factors would influence your response?
