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6.5.1. Glossary (A–E)

Accountable Leader — PMBOK® 8 principle: the PM owns outcomes even when specific decisions are delegated to the team.

Adaptive/Agile Approach — a development approach suited to high-uncertainty, evolving-requirements work, using iterative delivery.

Backlog — a prioritized, evolving list of work items in adaptive/agile delivery, functioning like a scope-decomposition tool.

Business Environment (ECO domain) — the exam domain (26%) covering governance, compliance, risk, and external context.

Case/Scenario Question — a 2026-new question format presenting a detailed situation followed by multiple linked questions.

Contingency Reserve — funds set aside for known, identified risks; typically within the PM's authority to release.

Continuous Improvement — using lessons learned to update organizational process assets for future projects.

Development Approach — predictive, adaptive/agile, or hybrid; selected based on project uncertainty and requirements stability.

Enabler — an illustrative (non-exhaustive) example of the work associated with an ECO task.

Escalation Threshold — a governance-defined trigger point at which a decision requires higher-level approval.

Alvin Varughese
Written byAlvin Varughese
Founder18 professional certifications