3.2.1 Key Models in Project Management

Models provide frameworks for thinking and understanding various aspects of project management.

• Tuckman (Team Stages): Describes stages teams typically go through (Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning).
• Kotter/ADKAR (Change): Models for managing the stages of organizational change.
• Cynefin (Complexity): Framework for understanding different types of complexity (Simple, Complicated, Complex, Chaotic) to guide decision-making.
• Herzberg (Motivation): Identifies factors causing job dissatisfaction (Hygiene) versus satisfaction/motivation (Motivators).
• Thomas-Kilmann (Conflict): Model describing five modes for handling conflict (Collaborating, Competing, Compromise, Avoiding, Accommodating).
• Situational Leadership: Adapting leadership style based on the team member's development level/task needs.
• Crystal: Family of adaptive agile methodologies scaling based on team size and project criticality.
• AUP (Agile Unified Process): Simplified version of the Rational Unified Process (RUP), emphasizing agile principles.
• SAFe (Scaled Agile Framework): Framework for implementing agile practices at an enterprise scale.
• LeSS (Large-Scale Scrum): Framework for scaling Scrum to multiple teams working on the same product.