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4.4. Monitoring and Logging
💡 First Principle: Monitoring answers "is something wrong right now" through metrics and alerts, while logging answers "what exactly happened" through a detailed historical record — they're complementary, not redundant, and the exam expects you to route each described symptom to the right one.
⚠️ Common Misconception: Cloud Logging retains all logs indefinitely by default. In reality, default log buckets have finite retention windows (the _Default bucket retains for 30 days); long-term retention requires exporting logs to BigQuery, Cloud Storage, or a custom log bucket.
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Written byAlvin Varughese
Founder•18 professional certifications