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1.3.1. The Security Layers

Microsoft Fabric implements security at multiple levels, and the exam tests whether you understand which level solves which problem:

Security LevelControlsUse Case
WorkspaceWho can see/edit itemsTeam access boundaries
ItemPermissions on specific lakehouse, pipelineShared resources across teams
Row-Level (RLS)Filter rows by user identityRegional managers see only their region
Column-Level (CLS)Hide columns from usersHide salary from non-HR users
Object-Level (OLS)Hide entire tables/schemasHide executive compensation table
Dynamic MaskingObscure sensitive valuesShow ****1234 for SSN

⚠️ Exam Trap: RLS, CLS, and OLS are semantic model features (Power BI layer), not lakehouse/warehouse features. If a question asks about restricting access to lakehouse data, workspace/item permissions are the answer. Data-level security applies when data is accessed through a semantic model.

Reflection Question: A hospital needs to ensure nurses see only patients in their ward, and even then, psychiatric notes are hidden. Which combination of security features addresses this requirement?

Alvin Varughese
Written byAlvin Varughese
Founder15 professional certifications